The concept that race has no biological basis aligns with which statement?

• A. Race is a major determinant of health
• B. Race is defined by DNA testing
• C. Race is a fixed biological category
• D. Race is a social construct, not a biological reality

Answer: (D)

The main idea here is that race does not have a biological basis. Human genetic variation is continuous and doesn’t split cleanly into the racial categories people use; most genetic diversity lies within any so-called race rather than between them, and there isn’t a specific set of genes that defines a race. Traits often used to “identify” race, like skin color or facial features, are influenced by a small number of genes and environmental factors, not by discrete biological groups. Because society assigns meaning to physical differences and ancestry, race operates as a social construct with real implications, but not as a fixed biological reality. That’s why the statement race is a social construct, not a biological reality fits best.