Which option best captures how policy interventions and anti-racism efforts can reduce disparities in sport participation?

• A. Relaxing nondiscrimination laws
• B. Increasing ticket prices to exclude certain groups
• C. Enforcement of laws, targeted development programs, and mandatory anti-racism training
• D. Eliminating coaching diversity initiatives

Answer: (C)

Reducing disparities in sport participation relies on actions that both remove barriers and change the environment within sport. Enforcement of laws ensures discrimination is deterred and punished, holding organizations accountable when rules against unequal access are violated. Targeted development programs actively create pathways for underrepresented groups—think outreach, scholarships, and community initiatives that build skills and opportunities where they’re needed most. Mandatory anti-racism training helps shift attitudes and practices among coaches, administrators, and officials, fostering inclusive cultures that welcome participation from diverse groups. Together, these elements address not only access but also the mindset and behavior that shape who gets to participate.

Relaxing nondiscrimination laws would reduce protections and likely widen disparities. Increasing ticket prices to exclude certain groups creates a financial barrier that blocks participation. Eliminating coaching diversity initiatives removes strategies that directly promote representation and inclusive opportunities, undermining progress toward equitable participation.